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| 138 BC |
| | | Zhang Qian, a Chinese diplomat, begins a spell of twelve years as a captive of the nomadic horde, the Xiongnu | |
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| c. 126 BC |
| | | Zhang Qian reaches Bactria and is the first to bring news of western Asia back to China | |
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| c. 125 BC |
| | | Under the Han dynasty the Confucians become the official civil servants in China, with entry to the service regulated by examination | |
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| c. 120 BC |
| | | Sima Qian undertakes (and carries through against unusual odds) a major survey of Chinese history | |
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| 106 BC |
| | | A caravan leaves China with goods destined for Persia - proof that the eastern half of the Silk Road is now open | |
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| c. 100 BC |
| | | The Parthians develop the site of Ctesiphon, on the east bank of the Tigris opposite Seleucia | |
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| c. 100 BC |
| | | The practice of acupuncture is described in Nei Qing, a Chinese medical text | |
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| 57 BC |
| | | Silla becomes the first of the three kingdoms of Korea, followed by Koguryo in 37 BC and Paekche in 18 BC | |
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| 51 BC |
| | | The Xiongnu split into two hordes, one of them submitting to China and the other moving west | |
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| 23 BC |
| | | Sukune, according to tradition, wins the first sumo wrestling contest and becomes patron saint of the sport | |
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